We’ve known for years that regular exercise supports better brain health. But a significant new study helps clarify when physical activity may offer the strongest protection.
A study published in JAMA Network Open followed adults from the long-running Framingham Heart Study and found that movement had the most significant impact at two life stages. Adults with the highest levels of physical activity in midlife (ages 45–64) had a 41% lower risk of developing dementia compared with those who were least active. Those who were most active in late life (ages 65–88) saw a similar 45% reduction.
Early-adult activity remained beneficial for overall health, but it didn’t show the same clear association with dementia risk. That’s important because it reinforces the idea that you don’t have to “start young” to protect your brain. Starting in midlife or later still delivers measurable benefits.
One doctor says the study shifts the message from “exercise is good for the brain” to identifying key windows when exercise may matter most. It’s never too late to get moving, and the payoff can be significant.
Regular exercise, including strength training, is one of the most accessible tools we have for protecting long-term brain health. Whether you’re in your 40s, 50s, 60s, or beyond, movement still counts — and it can help preserve independence and cognitive function.
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